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Introduction to FORTRAN 90

Student Notes

1 - Introduction

1.1 - Programming in general

1.1.1 - Available programming languages

1.1.2 - Choosing a programming language

1.2 - History

1.3 - ANSI Standard

1.4 - The Program - Planning

1.5 - The Program - Algorithms

1.6 - The Program - Example of an algorithm

1.7 - The minimum program

1.8 - Compilation

2 - Variables and Statements

2.1 - Data types

2.2 - Naming Convention

2.3 - Variables

2.3.1 - Implicit Declaration

2.3.2 - Parameters

2.4 - Arithmetic Expressions

2.5 - Assignment Statement

2.6 - Simple Input and Output

2.7 - Comments

2.8 - Program Layout

2.9 - Derived Data Types

2.9.1 - Definition and specification

2.9.2 - Accessing Components

2.10 - Exercises

3 - Character Processing

3.1 - Character Type

3.2 - Character Constants

3.3 - Character Variables

3.4 - Character manipulation

3.4.1 - Concatenation

3.4.2 - Substrings

3.4.3 - Intrinsic Functions

3.5 - Exercises

4 - Arrays

4.1 - Terminology

4.1.1 - Arrays and elements

4.1.2 - Array properties

4.2 - Specifications

4.3 - Array Sections

4.3.1 - Individual elements

4.3.2 - Sections

4.4 - Vector Subscripts

4.5 - Array storage

4.6 - Array Assignment

4.6.1 - Whole array assignment

4.6.2 - Array section assignment

4.6.3 - Elemental intrinsic procedures

4.7 - Zero-sized arrays

4.8 - Initialising arrays

4.8.1 - Constructors

4.8.2 - Reshape

4.8.3 - DATA statement

4.9 - WHERE

4.10 - Array intrinsic functions

4.10.1 - Example of reduction

4.10.2 - Example of inquiry

4.10.3 - Example of construction

4.10.4 - Example of location

4.11 - Exercises

5 - Logical & comparison expressions

5.1 - Relational operators

5.2 - Logical expressions

5.3 - Character Comparisons

5.4 - Portability Issues

5.5 - Exercises

6 - Control statements

6.1 - Conditional statements

6.1.1 - Flow control

6.1.2 - IF statement and construct

6.1.3 - SELECT CASE construct

6.1.4 - GOTO

6.2 - Repetition

6.2.1 - DO construct

6.2.2 - Transferring Control

6.3 - Exercises

7 - Program units

7.1 - Program structure

7.2 - The main program

7.3 - Procedures

7.3.1 - Actual and dummy arguments

7.3.2 - Internal procedures

7.3.3 - External procedures

7.4 - Procedure variables

7.4.1 - SAVE

7.5 - Interface blocks

7.6 - Procedures arguments

7.6.1 - Assumed shape objects

7.6.2 - The INTENT attribute

7.6.3 - Keyword arguments

7.6.4 - Optional arguments

7.6.5 - Procedures as arguments

7.7 - Recursion

7.8 - Generic procedures

7.9 - Modules

7.9.1 - Global data

7.9.2 - Module procedures

7.9.3 - PUBLIC and PRIVATE

7.9.4 - Generic procedures

7.10 - Overloading operators

7.11 - Defining operators

7.12 - Assignment overloading

7.13 - Scope

7.13.1 - Scoping units

7.13.2 - Labels and names

7.14 - Exercises

8 - Interactive Input and Output

8.1 - FORMAT Statement

8.2 - Edit Descriptors

8.2.1 - Integer

8.2.2 - Real - Fixed Point Form

8.2.3 - Real - Exponential Form

8.2.4 - Character

8.2.5 - Skip Character Positions

8.2.6 - Logical

8.2.7 - Other Special Characters

8.3 - Input/Output Lists

8.3.1 - Derived DataTypes

8.3.2 - Implied DO Loop

8.4 - Namelist

8.5 - Non-Advancing I/O

8.6 - Exercises

9 - File-based Input and Output

9.1 - Unit Numbers

9.2 - READ and WRITE Statements

9.2.1 - READ Statement

9.2.2 - WRITE Statement

9.3 - OPEN Statement

9.4 - CLOSE statement

9.5 - INQUIRE statement

9.6 - Direct Access Files

9.7 - Exercises

10 - Dynamic arrays

10.1 - Allocatable arrays

10.1.1 - Specification

10.1.2 - Allocating and deallocating storage

10.1.3 - Status of allocatable arrays

10.2 - Memory leaks

10.3 - Exercises

11 - Pointer Variables

11.1 - What are Pointers?

11.1.1 - Pointers and targets

11.2 - Specifications

11.3 - Pointer assignment

11.3.1 - Dereferencing

11.4 - Pointer association status

11.5 - Dynamic storage

11.5.1 - Common errors

11.6 - Array pointers

11.7 - Derived data types

11.7.1 - Linked lists

11.8 - Pointer arguments

11.9 - Pointer functions

11.10 - Exercises

Appendix A: - Intrinsic procedures

A.1 - Argument presence enquiry

A.2 - Numeric functions

A.3 - Mathematical functions

A.4 - Character functions

A.5 - KIND functions

A.6 - Logical functions

A.7 - Numeric enquiry functions

A.8 - Bit enquiry functions

A.9 - Bit manipulation functions

A.10 - Transfer functions

A.11 - Floating point manipulation functions

A.12 - Vector and matrix functions

A.13 - Array reduction functions

A.14 - Array enquiry functions

A.15 - Array constructor functions

A.16 - Array reshape and manipulation functions

A.17 - Pointer association status enquiry functions

A.18 - Intrinsic subroutines

Appendix B: - Further reading